WebHII regions are volumes of ionized gas (on scales of a few tens to a few hundred light years) present in virtually all gas-rich galaxies. These gas regions consist principally of hydrogen but with ∼10% helium and smaller amounts of oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, neon, argon, and other trace elements. The calculations of PPT are done in the E-gauge, meaning that the laser field is taken as electromagnetic waves. The ionization rate can also be calculated in A-gauge, which emphasizes the particle nature of light (absorbing multiple photons during ionization). This approach was adopted by Krainov model based on the earlier works of Faisal and Reiss. The resulting rate is given by
Persistent Lines of Singly Ionized Argon ( Ar II )
Web30 nov. 2024 · I guess this is the most stable and predictable way to ionize 0.01 % of 20 g of argon gas each lose one electron, if you can use strong laser field (like a few watt class pulsed laser). You can also make discharge or breakdown of argon gas to make it plasma. You can use discharge with DC voltage or you can use laser to induce breakdown. Web1 okt. 1997 · The deexcitation cascade following photoionization of argon at energies above the 1 s threshold gives rise to a very complex L − M M Auger spectrum extending from … how do ears self clean
Ion laser - Wikipedia
Web20 nov. 2024 · Argon is a chemical element with atomic number 18 which means there are 18 protons and 18 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Argon is … Web23 dec. 2002 · The conditions are chosen such that both plasmas are ionizing. It is found that a helium plasma has a higher electron temperature and a lower electron density … Web13 sep. 2010 · Plasma-ion processing enhances the functionality of a film, and as such, metal plasma sources are indispensable in film preparation. A magnetron sputtering glow plasma is generated by a pulsed power source in a process called a high-power pulsed magnetron sputtering glow plasma. Metal species are sputtered by energetic argon ions … how do earthquakes affect humans